Discussing Torah matters because the Torah matters

Genesis 4: A Foreshadowing

Isnt it interesting that the first murder and the first show of religion are found in the same Bible story? By no means is this a coincidence! 

God knew the end from the beginning. He foresaw all of the injustices would be committed in the name of religion. This is why, right away, we encounter a dark foreshadowing: two brothers come together to please God and offer their service to Him. One gets angry at the other and turns against him in a burst of betrayal. What began with well intentioned service to God ends in the death of a brotherhood. 

The events in Genesis 4 go to show that religion can be a dangerous thing. In fact, some are surprised to learn that religion scores a lousy grade in the Bible. The tendency is to assume the Bible praises religion, when often the Bible is its loudest critic. After all, the Bible is clear: it was the religious leaders who prosecuted the prophets. It was the religious leaders who executed the Son of God Himself! Exasperated after all of this, the Bible finally shakes it head and says, Alright, you want to be religious? Then look after widows and orphans and keep yourself from being polluted by the world. Because that’s pure and faultless religion, the kind that God our Father accepts (James 1:27). 

I heard a teacher once say: God does not give us a religion. He gives us a Book. He gives us a Savior. He gives us Salvation. He redeems us and says, “Now live for Me! And your love your neighbor as yourself. No, even more––love your neighbor as I have loved you! Heres how.” 

With that said, organized religion is necessary! Without organization, no good can be done for our communities and for ourselves. God calls us to be in community with one another. He wants us to organize our efforts and to submit to His delegated authority. This is very important and cannot be neglected. A Christian without a community is an ember outside a fire. But the warning of Genesis 4 still stands: as we organize, as we come together to serve God, we may be confronted with jealousy, anger, pride, and envy. 

Case in point: the Immovable Ladder. This small, seemingly insignificant wooden ladder leans against a window facade at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalems Old City. And to understand the Immovable Ladder, we have to understand a little something about this church. 

The 1700 year old church was supposedly built on the holy site where Jesus died and resurrected. It is now under the care of no less than six Christian denominations: Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syriac Orthodox. 

“The whole church is carefully parceled into sections, some sections being commonly shared with others belonging strictly to a particular sect. A set of complicated rules governs the transit rights of each group through each particular section on any given day, and especially during the holidays.

Arguments and violent clashes are not uncommon. In November 2008 the internet was flooded with videos of a fistfight between Armenian and Greek monks in one such dispute. A small section of the roof of the church is disputed between the Copts and Ethiopians. At least one Coptic monk at any given time sits on a chair placed on the particular spot to express this claim. On a hot summer day he moved his chair some 20cm more into the shade. This was interpreted to be a hostile act and a violation of the status quo. Eleven were hospitalized after a fight resulting from this provocation.

This state of affairs makes any agreement about renovations or repairs on the edifice impossible. The church is in a state of decay as a result.


The famous immovable ladder is a bizarre outcome of this religious stubbornness pushed to extremes. Some time in the first half of the 19th century, someone placed a ladder up against the wall of the church. No one is sure who he was, or more importantly, to which sect he belonged. The ladder remains there to this day. No one dares touch it, lest they disturb the status quo, and provoke the wrath of others. The exact date when ladder was placed is not known but the first evidence of it comes from 1852. The ladder hasnt moved since” (Source).

The story seems right out of Genesis 4: brothers coming together to serve God, each in their own way, but they dare not move a ladder in case the wrath of one group would overtake the other. And keep in mind, these are the folks who quote 1 John 13:25: By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another. How can such a thing be possible? Well, as one teacher put it, the people you get most angry at are the members of your own family––even though they are your own family.

A Note from the Writer

Simply put, I am a Christian who has fallen in love with the Hebrew Scriptures. 

As one raised in the modern American church, I grew up hearing Old Testament stories from the earliest time I could cross my legs. These stories were presented as simplified histories with a basic moral at the end. Meanwhile the stranger, harder-to-process parts of the Old Testament were neglected. And I say this in hindsight, with all due respect to those Sunday school teachers who were doing their best. I look upon them as saints.  

But God, in His trademark way, had something unexpected in store. He would make the opening five books of the Bible become so central to me, a Gentile, a guy living in the modern world far away from the boundaries of Israel. 

I am no Judaizer. My aim is not to make any Gentile "Jewish." (That aim would offend Jews as much as it would Gentiles!) The yoke of Jesus fits best on the tired and burdened; His yoke is easy, His burden is light. We are all starving to see a thing for the first time, again. 

When we place ourselves in Jesus' original audience, we come to love the Bible from which He taught. When we ask, "What would Jesus do?" we effectively ask, "How do we properly interpret the Torah?" To borrow an analogy, Jesus is the greatest pianist of all time and the Torah is the sheet music from which He is playing. He now invites you and I up to the piano bench to do our best. There is no failing grade; there is only encouragement and instruction with a good mix of laughter. 

May the material presented here be of worth to you in some manner. If you encounter something of value, praise God! I am a nobody blogger. I realize, fully, that your life is yours to live; your theology is yours to live out. I hope you sense no judgement from me as I share my thoughts in these articles. His Torah is yours for blessing. Fellow Gentiles: we are the mixed multitude that went out with the Israelites from Egypt. Today we are grafted in to the covenants of promise through Him and His accomplishments.

Praise God. 

Genesis 6:3

“Then the LORD said, ‘My Spirit will not contend with humans forever, for they are mortal; their days will be a hundred and twenty years.’” (Genesis 6:3 NIV) 

To me, the most intriguing interpretation of this verse is as follows: 

We learn in Leviticus 25 that God’s calendar is built in cycles of 50. Every 50th year marks a Year of Jubilee. At the beginning of the Jubilee Year, a trumpet is sounded everywhere on Yom Kippur, and liberty is proclaimed throughout the land to all its inhabitants. Property is to return to its original owner, and the owner is to return to his property (Leviticus 25:9,10,13). For the entire year, a Sabbath ensues––there is no sowing and no reaping of what grows of itself (Leviticus 25:11). 

Reading Genesis 6:3, God numbers the days of man to 120 years. The question is, what kind of years?

Jubilee years! Because 120 x 50 = 6000! 

Genesis 6:3 may imply that God will contend with man for a period of 6000 years, after which the Messiah would return and reign as King of Israel. As King, God’s striving with man would cease for a thousand years. His millennial kingdom would call into effect a sort of Sabbath on earth. The 6000th year being a Year of Jubilee, a trumpet would be sounded, and liberty would be proclaimed throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It makes sense that Messiah would return at a time such as this. After all, He is the original owner of the world, so on a Jubilee, the land would return to Him, and He would return to it––just as the Torah says.

On the Hebrew Calendar, it is currently the year 5776. Tradition says that the calendar dates back to Adam and Eve’s creation. Interestingly, I was told by a rabbi that the calendar is give or take 300 years. If this is true, Genesis 6:3 may be very relevant to our lives. Who knows; we’ll see.

The Relevancy of Cain's Lineage

Real estate in the Bible is extremely expensive. The question we have to ask is then, why does God give any space to Cain’s lineage? Not a single one of his descendants survives the antediluvian period, so why does God see fit to preserve their names in His Book? Isn’t this just a waste of valuable real estate? Genesis 4 is creation-front property after all.

Well, if we look at the names of Cain’s descendants, what is revealed is an amazing picture of generational deterioration. This is a spiritual deterioration, a kind of moral decay that takes place amid great technological advancement. And herein lies its relevancy: any nation or culture that wanders away from God and His ways will inevitably reenact the stages of Cain’s lineage. The stages are as follows: 

Cain ⇒ Enoch ⇒ Irad ⇒ Mehujael ⇒ Methushael ⇒ Lamech (and family)

A renown rabbi in Judaism, Chief Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808 - 1888), looks into the Hebrew and translates the names listed in Cain’s lineage. It is key to remember that he is writing in the mid-1800s, nearly 200 years ago. You and I have in view the last 200 years of history, whereas he did not. He could not possibly foresee what was to come. But his translations remain relevant, especially when we look at his writings on Cain’s lineage and compare the sequence to the last 200 years of American history. The following is from his great work, The Hirsch Chumash, Bereshis, pg. 141-145:

Cain = “To acquire” 
Enoch = “Dedicated to activity”
Irad = “A wild donkey”
Mehujael = “One who blotted out Godliness”
Methushael = “Seeking masses of people” 
Lamech = The meaning of this name is obscure. Hirsch does not attempt to translate it. 
  Lamech had three sons:
    Jabal (whom we know to be the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock)
    Jubal (whom we know to be the father of all those who play the lyre and pipe)
    Tubal-Cain (whom we know to be the forger of all instruments of bronze and iron)


Note that Lamech and his children come at the very end. During their lifetime, there is a flourishing of industry, music, and technology. However, it is Lamech and his family who witness the coming of the floodwaters.

We have this in mind as we fast forward to modern times. When we consider current events, I think it’s safe to say the United States of America has wandered away from the path originally set forth by our Christian founders. If I may go out on a limb, I conceive that when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, our country unknowingly veered onto a new course, a course very similar to the lineage of Cain. It’s almost as if the country’s lifeblood fused with Cain’s bloodline. It sounds strange, but if I may explain…

President Lincoln, November 21, 1864: “I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. As a result of the war...an era of corruption in high places will follow…”

Lincoln was killed less than a year after this statement was made. At the time of his assassination, the civil war had recently ended and a new era was dawning over America. This era would be led by the likes of Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan: a league of businessmen given over to acquiring unimaginably vast empires of wealth, power, and prestige. Truly, the Second Industrial Revolution gave way to an unprecedented level of acquiring, even for the common man. It can be said that from the 1860s to 1920s, America saw a generation that exemplified Cain’s name: to acquire. And not only that, Genesis 4:17 tells us that Cain was a city-builder; America exemplified this as it saw tremendous urban growth during this time period in particular (Source). The parallels continue in that, “by the 1870s, a good deal of the scientific community had accepted evolution as fact” (Source). Indeed, a wandering away from the Garden was beginning to take place.

From the 1910s to the 1960s, we encounter a generation dedicated to activity (aka. Enoch). Men were committing themselves to active duty in far away places; women were entering the workplace; children were increasingly going off to college. The country saw a tidal wave of New Deal construction as dams, bridges, and highways were being built across the country. On a national scale, America was especially dedicated to activity during this time period.

In the 1960-1970s: enter the counterculture, the hippie movement, a generation of wild donkeys (aka. Irad). Here we start to see a squandering of what previous generations had worked to acquire.

Of note, we always retain a quality of previous generations as we move forward. Generational qualities overlap just as the lives of the people in Cain’s lineage overlap. Acquiring, dedication to activity, a wild donkey––these traits will remain active. It’s just that with the arrival of each generation, a new flavor is introduced to the mix.

From the 1970s to 1990s, we see a nation blotting out Godliness (aka. Mehujael). Broadly speaking, America blotted God out of its courtrooms, out of its classrooms, and out of its textbooks. A shift toward Secularism displaced the values and principles that had once defined America as a Christian nation.

From the 1980s to 2000s, we come upon a generation seeking masses of people (aka. Methushael). Elements of this generation sought fame for fame’s sake. MTV (introduced in 1981) and E! Entertainment Television (introduced in 1987) capitalized on fame and celebrity status. The invention of social media provided a way for the average person to accumulate as many “followers” as possible––a concept very marketable to this generation. Whereas Vanderbilt and Carnegie earmark an earlier era, Kim Kardashian earmarks this era. She is attractive to a generation infatuated with the idea of fame––the seeking of masses of people. 

Fast forward to today. We find ourselves at the position of Lamech and his family. Technology, music, production and industry are present in our lives like never before in our nation’s history. Yet in the midst of such advancement, the moral decay of our country has become more than noticeable. Rabbi Hirsch doesn’t attempt to translate “Lamech,” but other sources say it means something like toward the lowly, destroyer, overthrower, stuck. These seem to be reoccurring themes in any newspaper today. The youth of America feel stuck, held down by the 1%. Riots in Baltimore and Ferguson seek to overthrow their local authorities. Terrorists seek to destroy and overthrow America as a whole. Our founding fathers (including Lincoln) wouldn’t recognize their country if they saw it today. Those men did their best to set America down the line of Seth. (Contrast the line of Seth to the line of Cain. In the line of Seth, we find greater order, expectation, and purpose.) But as a nation, we got off track; we derailed. And now, we find ourselves descending down a line that lacks order, that lacks expectation, that lacks purpose––much like Cain’s lineage in the Bible.

According to Genesis 4:23, Lamech had two wives: Adah and Zillah. Adah means ornament, and Zillah means shade (Source). In other words, Lamech coupled himself with something of beauty and something of darkness. Isn’t this also what our society does? Pop culture constantly mixes something of beauty with something of darkness. Case in point: FOX’s new hit show, Lucifer, starring the cool and attractive “Lucifer Morningstar” who quits his job as Satan and moves to L.A. where he helps the LAPD punish criminals. This kind of entertainment––this mixture of beauty and darkness––is a sign of the times. It’s indicative of our marriage to Adah and Zillah.


In conclusion, we must remember: it was Lamech and his family who saw the coming of the floodwaters. In the wilderness, the water came forth from the rock. I wonder, will it be our generation––this generation paralleling Lamech and his family––that sees the coming of the Rock Himself? (See Daniel 2.) I’m not sure how to answer that question, but I think the relevancy of Cain’s lineage is worth considering. After all, it was included in Genesis for our doctrine, reproof, correction, and instruction in righteousness

Let harsh words die with you...

If you suspect that a statement made by one person about another person may cause strife, do not repeat it. In the Torah, the 89 year old Sarah, overhearing an angel of the Lord predicting that she will give birth to a child within a year, laughs to herself and says, "Now that I am withered, am I to have enjoyment, with my husband so old?" In the next verse, God asks Abraham, "Why did Sarah laugh, saying, 'Shall I in truth bear a child, old as I am?'" (Genesis 18:12-13). Compare Sarah's words with God's, and you will notice that the Lord leaves out the words, "with my husband so old," presumably because these words might hurt or anger Abraham. On the basis of this verse, the Rabbis conclude, "Great is peace, seeing that for its sake even God modified the truth" (Yevamot 65b).


Have you heard something? Let it die with you.
Be of good courage: it will not burst you.
The Wisdom of Ben Sirach 19:10


Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, A Code of Jewish Ethics vol. 1, pg. 333

Ephraim and Manasseh: A Picture of Gentile Believers

The story of Joseph in Genesis is meaningful on many levels. On one level, Joseph is a picture of Jesus. Their lives tell symmetric truths. Joseph, at the bidding of his father, departs in search for his brothers. Upon finding his brothers, Joseph is rejected by them, schemed against, and put in the ground. He rises though, and lives on to dwell among the Gentiles without his Hebrew brothers realizing it. Joseph literally saves the world (Genesis 41:57), and God greatly blesses everyone for Joseph’s sake.

The parallels between Joseph and Jesus go on and on, and these parallels give way to additional meaning.

While living in a Gentile nation, Joseph has two children: Ephraim and Manasseh. The question we seek answer here is, who do Ephraim and Manasseh represent? Since Joseph is a picture of Jesus, who then do Joseph’s kids portray?

Gentile believers! Ephraim and Manasseh are a picture of Gentile believers!

Recall, their mother Asenath was not Jewish. She was Egyptian. So by Jewish standards, Ephraim and Manasseh are both technically Gentile since they shared a Gentile mother. (Research Matrilineally in Judaism.) As Gentiles, they would be adopted as sons of Israel and grafted in to all of God’s promises. Let us follow this through...

1. Ephraim and Manasseh are born to a Hebrew savior whose identity is hidden

Just as Ephraim and Manasseh were born to a Hebrew savior whose identity was veiled, Gentile believers are born to a Hebrew Messiah whose identity is veiled. I say this because Jesus’ identity is hidden from His Hebrew brothers. They do not recognize Him for who He really is. Due to the way He is presented, Jesus looks and sounds very Gentile. This is just like the brothers not recognizing Joseph because he looked and sounded very Egyptian. His Hebrew brothers did not see him as their own.

Even more, Joseph’s identity is hidden from even Ephraim and Manasseh. Though they dwell with him and know him very well, Ephraim and Manasseh are disconnected from Joseph’s cultural background. After all, the two of them had come to know Joseph in a Gentile setting. Joseph dressed like an Egyptian. Joseph spoke like an Egyptian. Joseph attended to Egyptian matters. Ephraim and Manasseh likely heard stories about their father’s heritage, but of what real importance did his Hebrew family have now? Especially after what they did to him. Indeed, Ephraim and Manasseh discounted Joseph’s cultural roots, just as some Gentile believers may fail to appreciate Jesus’ cultural roots. 

2. Ephraim and Manasseh are grafted in with the children of Israel

When all the families finally come together at the end of the story, it is a momentous occasion. In the next book, the book of Exodus, we see their united departure from Egypt. When the Israelites leave, the descendants of Ephraim and Manasseh leave with them! They realize they share a common destiny, partake in a common redemption. What they had known their whole lives (Egypt) would be left behind. In its place would be their new home, the land of Israel alongside the people of Israel.

As Gentile believers, this is our spiritual home: the land of Israel, the Messiah of Israel, the Scriptures of Israel, the people of Israel. But like Ephraim and Manasseh, we discover this rich heritage later on in life. We come into it not by natural birth but by adoption.

3. Ephraim and Manasseh are raised without Israels knowledge

The sons of Jacob had no idea that Joseph was over in the Gentile world, alive and active, bringing about salvation to the people. Similarly, the Jewish people do not realize that Jesus, their Jewish brother, is alive and active in the Gentile world. He is reproducing; he is having children. Without their knowing it, Gentile believers are being raised up and added to God’s family. In due time the Jewish people will learn of us, and they will come to see Gentile believers as their own kinsmen. More than that, the Jewish people will consider Gentile believers to be one of the most fruitful portions of the Kingdom. (“Ephraim” mean fruitful. Ephraim’s tribe becomes so fruitful that, later on, the entire northern kingdom of 10 tribes is called Ephraim.)

4. Ephraim and Manasseh are the youngest of the brothers

Joseph’s father Jacob adopted Ephraim and Manasseh as his own children! Therefore, Ephraim and Manasseh become the youngest of the brothers, younger than even Benjamin. So, too, Gentile believers are the newest comers to the commonwealth of Israel, the latest arrivals to the covenant of promise.

5. Ephraim and Manasseh proliferate like fish

In Genesis 48:16, Jacob says a blessing over Ephraim and Manasseh. Speaking by way of the Holy Spirit, Jacob says, “May they proliferate like fish...”

What, pray tell, is the international symbol for the Gentile church? A fish! Jacob even goes on to say, “May they proliferate like fish in the land.” This seems like a bizarre thing to say, given that fish live in the water. But read in the context of Gentile believers, it makes perfect sense. We proliferate like fish in the land.


Let us end with something that reveals the graciousness of our Father. In Genesis 48:3, Jacob says to Joseph, “Ephraim and Manasseh shall be mine, as Rueben and Simeon are.” Here we have a father  (Jacob) speaking to his son (Joseph). Due to Ephraim and Manasseh’s relationship with the son, the father values them as much as he values his eldest children (Rueben and Simeon). In a similar sense, Gentile believers have a direct relationship with the Father’s Son, and because of that relationship, Gentile believers occupy a cherished position in the Father’s mind, and we are blessed just as Ephraim and Manasseh were blessed.